A better understanding of the factors responsible for the shift in Fusarium population and differences in trichothecene chemotype composition will enable the prediction of future population distribution, possibly related to future changes in climate. Fusarium chemotype diversity may be driven by differences in local selective pressures such as fungicide applications, agronomic practices, host specificity, crop sequence, and weather variables within a region. It may also provide opportunities to identify novel Fusarium populations and trichothecene chemotypes that may pose new threats to food and feed safety in Canada. Information from this study will be important in developing disease forecast models which enable growers to make economic decisions about FHB disease management strategies.